Clive Branson

Part 2

Sensory Acuity, Rapport & Representational Systems

Sensory Acuity

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Sensory acuity refers to the ability of an individual’s sensory systems (such as sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell) to detect and distinguish stimuli. It involves the ability to perceive and interpret sensory information accurately and quickly.

For example, a person with high sensory acuity for visual stimuli may be able to see fine details and colours in an image that others might not be able to detect. Similarly, a person with high sensory acuity for taste might be able to discern subtle differences in flavour between different types of food.

Sensory acuity can be influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, environment, and experience. It can also be improved through training and practice. For example, musicians may develop high sensory acuity for sound, allowing them to detect subtle nuances in tone and pitch.

Calibration

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Calibration refers to the process of adjusting the confidence level of a language model’s predictions to better match its accuracy. In other words, it involves tuning the output probabilities of the model so that they accurately reflect the true probability of the model’s predictions being correct.

The calibration process is important because language models may output probabilities that are not well calibrated with the true probability of correctness. For example, a model may be overly confident in its predictions, leading to incorrect results. Calibration can help to correct this by adjusting the probabilities to better match the actual accuracy of the model.

There are several methods used for NLP calibration, including Platt scaling, isotonic regression, and temperature scaling. These methods adjust the probabilities of the model’s predictions based on a calibration dataset, which contains examples where the true label is known. The goal is to adjust the probabilities so that they are more accurate and better reflect the true probability of correctness.

Calibration is an important step in the development and evaluation of NLP models, as it can help to improve their accuracy and reliability in real-world applications.

Learning State

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CALIBRATING PHYSIOLOGY

Sensory Based vs. Hallucinated Information

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Exercise – Sensory Acuity

 

Rapport

Rapport is about having a trusting, responsive interaction between people, regardless of their liking, each other

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NLP definition: Rapport refers to the relationship or connection that is established between a machine learning model and the user. The goal of building rapport is to create a more natural and engaging interaction between the user and the model.

Building rapport in NLP typically involves several techniques, such as using natural language responses, personalizing the responses based on user context, and providing relevant and helpful information. The use of humour, empathy, and other emotional cues can also help to build rapport and make the conversation more engaging.

Rapport is particularly important in chatbots and other conversational interfaces, where the goal is to create a natural and fluid conversation that feels like talking to a human. By building rapport, the model can create a more engaging and satisfying user experience, which can lead to increased user satisfaction and better overall performance.

There are several challenges associated with building rapport in NLP, including understanding the user’s context and intent, maintaining consistency in the conversation, and adapting to changes in the user’s responses. However, by using advanced NLP techniques such as sentiment analysis, entity recognition, and intent detection, it is possible to build more sophisticated and effective rapport with users.

COMMUNICATION IS MADE UP OF:
This model is based on a ‘presenting to groups’ study, completed in the U.S.A.
Mahrabian’s study looked at an individual’s ‘liking’ for the three areas. It is in fact a reflection of preference in audiences in terms of ambiguous communication

Three Main Rapport Processes

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Milton Erickson and Rapport

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BUILDING RAPPORT THROUGH PHYSIOLOGY

The Main Processes of Rapport

MATCHING / MIRRORING / CROSSOVER (MATCHING/MIRRORING)

(E.g.You ‘match’ their (E.g.You become a (E.g.You cross arms after body movements.) mirror image of them.) they cross legs.)

The Indicators Of Rapport

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The Building Blocks Of Rapport

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How to Build Rapport using Matching & Mirroring

1. Posture
 The angle of spine when sitting (forward, back, rounded, leaning to one side).
 Head/shoulder relationship (upright, tilted, up, down).
 Upper body position (upright,
 Lower body position (leg position, sitting/standing angle etc

2. Gestures
3. Facial Expression & Blinking
4. Breathing
 Rate – (Fast to Slow).
 Location – (Stomach, Mid-Chest, Upper Chest)

Indicators of Rapport:

 Feeling (a sense of having ‘clicked’).
 Colour shift (they flush, which may, amongst other things, indicate likeability).
 They say something (‘I feel like I’ve known you for ages!’).
 Leading (having matched/mirrored them to gain rapport [referred to as ‘pacing them’ in NLP] you begin to ‘lead’ them, by changing your body position and see if they follow you. If they do, you are ‘leading’ them; if not, return to matching/mirroring to ‘pace’ them.

Think When & How Mismatching Physiology Might Be A Useful Skill to Master Consciously!

BUILDING RAPPORT THROUGH VOICE TONALITY

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1. Tone/Frequency/Pitch

2. Tempo/Speed

3. Timbre/Quality

4. Volume/Loudness

5. Origin

BUILDING RAPPORT WITH WORDS

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1. Predicates are the words used predominantly Visual, Auditory, or Kinaesthetic?
2. Keywords Are there particular words that are used often?
3. Common Experiences & Associations These are ‘Universal Experiences’ common to us all. E.g. the weather etc.
4. Values & Beliefs Use commonly held values or beliefs – ‘I’m sure most will agree that stealing is wrong.’
5. Content Chunks Match the ‘chunk size’ used by the other person. If they give lots of connected information ‘bites’ in a long sentence, replicate the chunk size in your reply. If it’s one fact in a short sentence, respond likewise.‚

You’re really speaking my language.‛

REPRESENTATIONAL SYSTEM PREFERENCE TEST

With a pen on paper. For each of the following statements, please place a number next to every phrase. For every question you can only use a number once, so you will have four different answers, each with a different number, indicating the degree of preference. Use the following system to indicate your preferences:
4 = Closest description, 3 = Next best description, 2 = Next best, 1 = Least descriptive

1. When I have an important decision to make I base it on:
 gut feelings and intuition.
 the option that sounds the best.
 the option that looks the best.
 the most logical option following a precise review & a study of the issues

2. During an argument, I am most influenced by:
 what the other person says and their tone of voice.
 whether or not I can see the other person’s point of view.
 the logic of the other person’s argument.
 whether or not I can get in touch with the other person’s true feelings.

3. I most easily communicate what is going on for me by:
 the way I dress and look.
 the feelings I share.
 the words I choose.
 the tone of my voice.

4. It is easiest for me to:
 find the ideal volume and tuning on a hi-fi system.
 select the most intellectually relevant point in an interesting subject.
 select the most comfortable furniture.
 select rich, attractive colour combinations.

5. I am very:
 attuned to the sounds of my surroundings.
 adept at making sense of new facts and data.
 sensitive to the way articles of clothing feel on my body.
 responsive to colours and to the way a room looks

PREFERENCE TEST ANSWERS

FAVOURED REPRESENTATIONAL SYSTEMS: TYPICAL BEHAVIOUR INDICATORS

FAVOURED REPRESENTATIONAL SYSTEMS:
TYPICAL BEHAVIOUR INDICATORS CONTD.

Ad – Auditory Digital:
 Tend to talk to themselves.
 A typical Ad person learns things by ‘making sense’ of them.
 They may experience tension in the neck and shoulders.
 They can take on the characteristics of other Representational Systems.

REPRESENTATIONAL TYPE PREDICATES

REPRESENTATIONAL SYSTEM PHRASES

EYE PATTERNS

EYE PATTERN ELICITATION QUESTIONS

N.B. Make sure that you are watching the person’s eyes when you ask the question.

Visual Remembered:
 What colour were your bedroom walls when you were ten?
 What was the number of your house when you were a child?

Visual Construct:
 What would your room look like if it were painted pink with purple dragons on it?
 What would your car look like with a Rolls Royce radiator grill and a racing spoiler on the back?

Auditory Remembered:
 What was the last thing I said to you?
 Can you listen to your favourite piece of music in your head right now?

Auditory Construct:
 What would I sound like with Mickey Mouse’s voice? Or Darth Vader’s?
 What would your favourite piece of music (or your name) sound like if it
was played backwards?

Auditory Digital:
 What was the first thing you said to yourself this morning?
 Can you recite your national anthem to yourself?

Kinaesthetic:
 What does it feel like to stand barefoot on wet grass?
 What does it feel like to put on a warm shirt or blouse just off the radiator?

THE B.A.G.E.L. MODEL

The BAGEL Model was developed by Robert Dilts to identify types of behavioural cues associated with internal thinking strategies, states and cognitive processes.
B. stands for:
BODY: Different postures are associated with accessing of different sensory processes and states.

A. stands for:
ACCESSING CUES: Accessing cues, here, means in the form of breathing patterns and non-word vocal cues, which give insights to cognitive patterns and internal states.

G. stands for:
GESTURES: Gestures give clues as to the orientation of a cognitive process as well as its sensory source

E. stands for:
EYE MOVEMENTS: Eye movements give clues to internal thinking strategies

L. stands for:
LANGUAGE: Language Patterns (PREDICATES) indicate types and qualities of cognitive processes.

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